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| Section2 = }} Chromium (III) picolinate (CrPic3) is a chemical compound sold as a nutritional supplement to treat type 2 diabetes and promote weight loss. This bright-red coordination compound is derived from chromium (III) and picolinic acid. Small quantities of chromium are needed for glucose utilization by insulin in normal health, but deficiency is extremely rare and has only been observed in hospital patients on long-term defined diets.〔(Review of Chromium ) Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals Review of Chromium, 12 August 2002〕 Chromium has been identified to regulate insulin by increasing the sensitivity of the insulin receptor. As such, chromium (III) picolinate has been used as a treatment for type 2 diabetes, although its effectiveness remains controversial due to conflicting and/or poorly carried out clinical studies. Chromium (III) picolinate has been described as a "poor () nutritional supplement". ==History== A study in 1989 suggested that chromium (III) picolinate may assist in weight loss and increase muscle mass which led to an increase in the usage of chromium (III) picolinate supplements, making it the second most widely used supplement behind Ca2+ supplements.〔 This claim has been disproven by a Cochrane review in 2013. Research has generally shown that it improves insulin sensitivity by either prolonging its activity or up-regulating the production of mRNA to produce more insulin receptors. Amongst the transition metals, Cr3+ is the most controversial in terms of nutritional value and toxicity. This controversy centers on whether Cr3+ provides any nutritional benefits given that Cr3+ nutritional supplements for humans form the basis of a multimillion dollar industry with sales second behind Ca-containing products.〔 Furthermore, this controversy is amplified by the fact that no Cr-containing biomolecules have had their structure characterized, nor has the mode of action been determined. The first experiment that led to the discovery of Cr3+ playing a role in glucose metabolism proposed that the biologically active form of the metal existed in a protein called ''glucose tolerance factor'', however, new evidence suggests that it is simply an artifact obtained from isolation procedures.〔〔 The only accepted indicator of chromium deficiency is the reversal of symptoms that occurs when chromium (III) supplementation is adminstered to hospital patients that were on total parenteral nutrition (which lacked chromium (III)) for an extensive period of time. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chromium(III) picolinate」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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